Publications

These publications are examples of research made possible with data from CanPath and its regional cohorts.

2024

Education level is associated with the occurrence and timing of hysterectomy: A cohort study of Canadian women

Authors: E. A. Brennand, N. V. Scime, B. Huang, H. P. McDonagh

The researchers used data of 30 496 females in the Alberta’s Tomorrow Project to determine the association between level of educational attainment and the occurrence and timing of hysterectomy in Canadian women. They found that women with lower levels of education were more likely to experience hysterectomy, including hysterectomy before menopause and at younger ages.

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2024

Association of parity with the timing and type of menopause: A longitudinal cohort study

Authors: N. V. Scime, B. Huang, H. K. Brown, E. A. Brennand

The study aimed to determine the time-varying association between parity and timing of natural menopause, surgical menopause, and premenopausal hysterectomy among 23,728 women aged 40-65 years at enrollment in the Alberta’s Tomorrow Project cohort study. The researchers found that overall, natural menopause was most common, then premenopausal hysterectomy and surgical menopause. The risk of natural menopause before age 50 was higher for women with 0 or 1 birth, while the risk was similar for those with 3 or more births compared to those with 2 births. Elevated risks of surgical menopause before age 45 for women with 0 or 1 birth were reduced after excluding those with a history of infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss, and the risk decreased over time for women with 3 or more births. Additionally, the risk of premenopausal hysterectomy before age 50 was lower for women with 0 births but increased after age 40 for those with 3 or more births.

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2024

Sex-Specific Associations of Aldosterone and Renin with Body Composition: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Authors: G. L. Hundemer, M. Agharazii, F. Madore, M.-E. Piché, C. Gagnon, A. Bussières, M. St-Jean, A. A. Leung, G. A. Kline, M. M. Sood, D. Burger, T. Ramsay, R. Goupil

The researchers investigated the associations of aldosterone and renin with body composition according to sex in a population-based cohort. Using data from 3,687 adults aged 40-69 years enrolled in the CARTaGENE study, they found that among males, higher aldosterone and renin levels were linked to increased waist to hip ratio, increased fat mass, and decreased lean and muscle mass, while aldosterone specifically was also associated with increased ectopic cardiac adiposity. In contrast, among females higher renin, but not aldosterone, was associated with increased waist circumference, increased waist-to-hip ratio, and increased cardiac adiposity. Higher renin and aldosterone were associated with increased fat mass but were not associated with lean body mass or muscle mass.

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2024

Risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer: A Canadian prospective cohort study

Authors: Dylan E O'Sullivan, Yibing Ruan, Eliya Farah, John M Hutchinson, Robert J Hilsden, Darren R Brenner

Researchers aimed to determine associations between specific risk factors and early-onset colorectal cancer (eoCRC). Accordingly, the researchers utilized data from 127,852 healthy study participants who were less than 50 years of age and were either part of the Ontario Health Study cohort or the Alberta’s Tomorrow Project cohort. Ninety-eight cases of eoCRC were identified after an average follow-up of 6.63 years. Analyses indicated that a family history of CRC alone or with a history of other cancer types was associated with a heightened risk of developing eoCRC. However, there was no significant association between eoCRC and a family history of solely non-CRC cancer. Those classified as heavy smokers at baseline had a higher risk of eoCRC compared to non-smokers. Lastly, there were no significant associations between sex, socioeconomic factors, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and other factors with the risk of eoCRC.

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2024

Neighbourhood walkability and greenspace and their associations with health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadian adults

Authors: Levi Frehlich, Tanvir C Turin, Patricia K Doyle-Baker, Gavin R McCormack

The researchers aimed to outline sex-specific associations between the neighborhood built environment, grip strength, and body fat percentage of Canadian adults living in urban areas. They used cohort data from 4,052 males and 7,841 females who were part of Alberta’s Tomorrow Project. Negative associations were found between walkability and both grip strength and body fat percentage among males and females. Additionally, greenness showed a positive association with grip strength across both sexes, but this association was not observed with body fat percentage. These associations remained significant even after adjusting for physical activity and sitting.

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2024

Predictors of primary cutaneous melanoma stage at diagnosis: observations from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project

Authors: Ghebrial M, Wang Q, Zhang R, Robson PJ, Shack L, Kopciuk KA.

This study examined data from the Alberta’s Tomorrow Project on 62 adults who developed primary cutaneous melanoma by 2018. The majority (67.74%) were diagnosed at stage I, with individual factors like being married or common-law, having an annual household income between $50,000–100,000, and spending more than 1 hour in the sun between 11 am–4 pm per day during the past summer. In contrast, increased occupational physical activity was linked to a higher likelihood of later-stage diagnosis. These findings highlight potential epidemiologic risk factors that could inform targeted interventions for earlier melanoma detection.

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2024

Stage shifting by modifying the determinants of breast cancer stage at diagnosis: a simulation study

Authors: Gyanendra Pokharel, Qinggang Wang, Momtafin Khan, Paula J. Robson, Lorraine Shack, Karen A. Kopciuk

The researchers sought to understand how lifestyle factors influence the stage at which breast cancer is diagnosed. Using data from 492 participants in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project, they found that increasing dietary protein intake and reducing energy intake had the most significant impact. This suggests that minor lifestyle adjustments could potentially increase the rate of early-stage diagnoses by 12%, thereby informing cancer prevention strategies.

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2024

Dose-responsive effects of iron supplementation on the gut microbiota in middle-aged women

Authors: Jane Shearer, Shrushti Shah, Martin J MacInnis, Grace Shen-Tu, Chunlong Mu

The researchers sought to investigate the association between iron supplementation and the gut microbiota among healthy female participants in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project. They found that adequate iron levels are essential for the overall health and wellbeing of women through their various life stages.

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2024

Microbial features linked to medication strategies in cardiometabolic disease management

Authors: Jane Shearer, Shrushti Shah, Grace Shen-Tu, Kristina Schlicht, Matthias Laudes, and Chunlong Mu

Researchers explored the association of microbial structure with the use of single or multiple medications among participants from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project who were diagnosed with cardiometabolic disease. Forty-six associations were identified between microbial composition and single medications. Findings indicated that both single- and multiple medication use in cardiometabolic disease is associated with decreases in bacterial diversity, species, and microbial functional potential.

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2023

Subclinical primary aldosteronism and cardiovascular health: a population-based cohort study

Authors: Gregory L Hundemer, Mohsen Agharazii, François Madore, Anand Vaidya, Jenifer M Brown, Alexander A Leung, Gregory A Kline, Eric Larose, Marie-Eve Piché, Andrew M Crean, Julie L V Shaw, Tim Ramsay, Bernhard Hametner, Siegfried Wassertheurer, Manish M Sood, Swapnil Hiremath, Marcel Ruzicka, Rémi Goupil

This study explores the impact of subclinical primary aldosteronism, a less recognized form of hypertension characterized by renin-independent aldosterone production, on cardiovascular health. With data from 1284 CARTaGENE participants, researchers found that a higher aldosterone-to-renin ratio, indicative of this condition, was associated with increased arterial stiffness, adverse cardiac remodeling, and higher odds of developing hypertension, independent of traditional blood pressure measures.

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